Recently, the latest data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reveals a continuous increase in the positivity rate of influenza viruses. Influenza A is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the virus. It is currently prevalent and requires our utmost attention and protective measures.

01 

What are the differences between Influenza A and the common cold?

Pathogen Differences:

Influenza A is caused by the influenza virus, while the common cold is primarily caused by viruses such as rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.

Infectiousness:

Influenza A is highly contagious and can spread rapidly among populations, leading to large-scale infections. In contrast, the common cold has relatively lower contagiousness and typically occurs sporadically, without causing widespread outbreaks.

Complications:

Influenza A is more likely to lead to complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, and otitis media, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. The common cold usually leads to fewer complications and typically resolves within about a week.

Treatment and Recovery:

The common cold can generally be managed with rest, hydration, and symptomatic treatment, resulting in a shorter recovery time. Influenza A, however, necessitates timely antiviral medication, especially within the first 24-48 hours of onset for optimal effectiveness. Recovery from Influenza A tends to take longer.

02

Typical Symptoms of Influenza A Initial Symptoms:

In the early stages of Influenza A, some patients may experience symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and sore throat, similar to those of the common cold, which can be easily overlooked. However, symptoms will rapidly intensify, distinguishing it from the common cold.

Classic Symptoms: Fever may reach between 39°C to 40°C or higher, typically lasting 3-5 days. If not treated promptly, this may lead to complications.

Patients often experience overall weakness, muscle and joint pain, particularly in the limbs and lower back, with pain intensifying with movement.

Severe headaches may occur, often accompanied by dizziness and a feeling of pressure in the head, which can significantly disrupt sleep and daily activities.

A dry cough may present, sometimes with minimal white phlegm, and its severity can lead to chest pain and breathing difficulties. Throat pain is common, with noticeable pain during swallowing, sometimes making even speaking and drinking painfully difficult.

Other Symptoms: Some patients, especially children, may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which in severe cases, can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Certain patients, particularly the elderly, children, and those with chronic underlying conditions, may exhibit severe symptoms such as lethargy, altered consciousness, rapid breathing, and increased heart rate, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Note: If high fever, difficulty breathing, or altered consciousness persists, seek medical attention immediately.

03 

Medications for the treatment of Influenza A:

Oseltamivir is one of the commonly used antiviral drugs for treating Influenza A, effective against both Influenza A and Influenza B influenza viruses. Available in various forms, it is suitable for adults and children over one year old, with optimal use recommended within the first 24-48 hours of illness onset. Typically, it’s taken twice daily for about five days.

Baloxavir Marboxilis another effective antiviral medication that prevents viral replication by inhibiting RNA synthesis, suitable for healthy adults and children aged five and above with uncomplicated Influenza A and Influenza B infections, usually recommended for use within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Zanamivir is an inhaled medication suitable for adults and children over seven years old, recommended for use within the first 24-48 hours of experiencing symptoms.

Please note that the medicines listed above are only available with a doctor's prescription.

Symptomatic Treatment:

For fever above 38.5°C, antipyretic medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be used.

For prominent cough symptoms, cough suppressants and expectorants like ambroxol and dextromethorphan may alleviate discomfort.

Throat pain can be relieved with lozenges such as watermelon frost lozenges, or herbal remedies that clear heat and detoxify, like Lianhua Qingwen granules and Jinhua Qinggan granules, can help reduce symptoms.

04 

Prevention of influenza

1、Vaccination:

Getting the influenza vaccine is one of the most effective means of preventing Influenza .    It is recommended to receive the vaccine before the onset of flu season each year, ideally between October and November.    The vaccine's protective effects typically last for about 6-8 months, so annual vaccination is necessary.

2、Daily Preventive Measures:

01. Wash hands frequently with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds to effectively remove viruses.

02. Avoid crowded and poorly ventilated places during flu outbreaks, such as malls, cinemas, and large gatherings.    If necessary, wear a mask in crowded locations.

03. Cover your mouth and nose with tissues or towels while coughing or sneezing to prevent droplet transmission.

04. Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamin C and protein, consuming fresh vegetables, fruits, milk, and eggs to boost immunity.

05. Ensure adequate sleep, aiming for at least 7 hours nightly, to allow the body to rest and support normal immune function.

Although Influenza A is highly contagious, understanding its symptoms, timely detection and treatment, and implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of infection and safeguard the health of oneself and others.